In 2018, EPA published its Strategic Plan to Promote the Development and Implementation of Alternative Test Methods within the TSCA Program. TSCA also requires EPA to develop a strategic plan on this topic and provide a progress report on the implementation of the plan to Congress every five years since the date of the enactment of the Lautenberg Chemical Safety Act, i.e. promote the development and timely incorporation of alternative test methods or strategies that do not require new vertebrate animal testing.reduce and replace, to the extent practicable and scientifically justified, the use of vertebrate animals in the testing of chemical substances or mixtures and.Lautenberg Chemical Safety for the 21st Century Act, directs EPA to: For instance, in August, Russia's oil minister, Alexander Novak, told a Saudi newspaper: "With regard to the cooperation with Saudi Arabia, the dialogue between our two countries is developing in a tangible way, whether in the framework of a multiparty structure or on a bilateral level.The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), as amended by the Frank R. We have seen promises of cooperation before, however. With the two nations starting to work together, hopes for a solution to the massive glut in the oil industry are rising. For example, at April's massively anticipated OPEC meeting about a freeze in production, Saudi Arabia refused to cooperate unless Iran joined in any production freeze, and as a result the meeting ended up as a damp squib. What the two nations do regarding oil policy has profound effects on the markets. Russia, alongside the US, is one of the two biggest non-OPEC producers. Russia and Saudi Arabia are probably the two most important oil producers, with Saudi Arabia the de facto leader of the OPEC cartel of oil-producing nations. That announcement came after Saudi Deputy Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman told Russian President Vladimir Putin on the sidelines of the summit that cooperation between the two countries would bring benefit to the global oil market, according to a report from Reuters. This was a major disappointment to many in the markets, who had expected an announcement of a decisive plan of action, rather than a pretty lukewarm announcement of vague "talks" between the nations. Overall OPEC supply stood 930 kb/d above a year ago." Output from Saudi Arabia held near a record, while Iran reached a post-sanctions high. "Kuwait and the UAE hit their highest output ever and Iraq lifted supplies. "OPEC crude production edged up to 33.47 mb/d in August - testing record rates as Middle East producers opened the taps," the IEA reported. The September edition of the Oil Market Report, one of the most watched monthly releases in the oil industry, shows that during August, OPEC producers increased productions to near record levels, further exacerbating the gulf between supply and demand, something that will almost inevitably lead to further slides in the price of the world's most important commodity. Previous predictions in the markets had pointed to a rebalancing by the end of 2016. Oil will remain in oversupply until at least the end of the first half of 2017, the IEA argues.
"Momentum eases further to 1.2 mb/d in 2017 as underlying macroeconomic conditions remain uncertain." "For 2016, a gain of 1.3 mb/d is expected - a downgrade of 0.1 mb/d on our previous forecast due to a more pronounced 3Q16 slowdown," the report said.
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